Good instructors help students to learn, regardless of the learning style dominance of any particular student. Instructors must be creative to accomplish this.

Brain based teaching respects the different categorizations of intelligence, such as: language, math, visual, musical, kinesthetic, inter and intra personal. Somewhat like a decoding for educational practices.

Adult learning and competency based learning / individualized learning are highly associative.

Self individuation is  common theme amongst the three psychologists cited - task, social, intrinsic.

17-24 is not what I think of as an adult learner. There is a big difference between each of the decades of life as to how adults learn.

For problem solving, spending a lot of time in the inquiry phase to determine what the problem actually is, is a great way to solve problem solving.

Critical thinking requires original and productive thought and includes a need for adaptability, knowledge, capcity for reason and abstract thought, the ability to comprehend relationships and evaluate. You can see that critical thinking can be broken down into multiple skills.

Risk must be allowed for critical thinking skills to be developed.

"Critical thinking - about any subject, content, or problem - occurs when the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully analyzing, assessing, and reconstructing it." - I often see all courses claim that they train critical thinking. One attribute that is missing from this definition is authenticity. I might argue that critical thinking only applies to reality. Mental gymnastics for arbitrary systems or concepts is not critical thinking.

Guided notes is a great way to be involved in student learning. I like the use of visual cues to help recode information.